Problems with WGA (Windows Genuine Advantage)

Recently a customer of mine was experiencing problems with WGA under Windows XP with SP3.  Upon boot-up and login WGA some of the PCs would state that the Windows installation was not legitimate.  This was odd as I had recently reinstalled Windows XP on these machines with the correct volume license key.

Comparing the actual product key (using Belarc Advisor) I found that it differed from what it was supposed to be… very odd.  So how to remedy this?  Here we go:

Step 1:

• Start | Run | regedit
• Go to: HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\Current Version\WPAEvents
• Right-click OOBETimer and choose Modify
• Change at least 1 digit of this code

Step 2:

• Start | Run | %systemroot%\system32\oobe\msoobe.exe /a
• This runs the activation wizard.  Choose Yes I want to telephone… and hit Next
• Choose Change product key
• I entered the correct product key and hit Update
• Choose Remind me later

I think a restart was then required… can’t quite remember.

I read somewhere online that if Step 2 gives trouble then you should restart, hit F8 and choose Last Known Good Configuration.  I didn’t have to do this so I can’t vouch for this.

This did the trick for me, I hope it works for you.

Speccy – a very nice system information tool

Piriform, who brought us the wonderful CCleaner along with Defraggler and Recuva have just brought out a free tool called Speccy.  It’s a really nifty and polished system information tool.  If you want to find out what’s under the bonnet of a PC without having to lift the bonnet then I highly recommend this.

Audio in Windows 7 with Boot Camp on Apple MacBook

I’ve been running Windows 7 Ultimate (32 bit) on a white Core2Duo MacBook for quite some time now but could never get the audio working and there was a red light coming out of the Aux port.  I was had used the Snow Leopard Boot Camp drivers on the CD and this had worked for most of the other devices.  Any drivers I downloaded and installed from the web failed to work.  I got a great tip for dealing with this problem on: http://discussions.apple.com/thread.jspa?threadID=1860928&tstart=0  The key seems to be running the installer Administrator in Vista compatibility mode…

• Insert the Snow Leopard install CD
• Browse to \Boot Camp\Drivers\IDT SigmaTel
• Right-click the “SigmaTelSetup.exe” file and choose “Troubleshoot compatibility”
• Choose “Troubleshoot program” choose the first tick box and hit “Next”
• Choose “Windows Vista” and then “Next”
• Choose “Start the program…” and then “Next”
• The driver will now install, click on the progress balloon  on the bottom right of the screen and click the hyperlink to skip Windows Update driver checking
• When the process completes you’ll just need to click the option to say it completed successfully and then hit “Close”.
• Then choose to restart the computer

This did the trick for me anyway, I hope it does for you.

AutoRecover in Office 2000

A customer of mine recently had a problem with Excel 2000 – yes lots of people are still using Office 2000 as it’s very fast and does most of what they need.  It had crashed and they hadn’t saved their changes in a few hours.

Now, if this had been Office 2003/2007 the next time they opened Excel it would have prompted them with an “AutoRecovered” version of their file.  By default Excel 2003/2007 AutoRecover an open worksheet every 10 minutes – this can be changed.

But this didn’t seem to be the case with Excel 2000.  I had thought it was available in Excel 2000 but nothing could be found in Tools | Options.  It was there in Word 2000 in Tools | Options | Save so what was the deal?

Turns out that, by default, AutoRecover isn’t installed in Excel 2000. It’s there as an Add-In.  You must first install the Add-In by going to Tools | Add-Ins and choosing the “Autosave” Add-In.  Once this installs you’ll see the Autosave option in the Tools menu.  Clicking it will allow you to configure the time interval and whether all sheets or just the active sheet should be accounted for.

How bizarre, and how frustrating for my customer, that this feature was available but not put there by default.  Very annoying.

D-Link DNS-323 – fantastic product, great price, get one!

I just wrote a mini review of the superb little D-Link DNS-323 on Komplett and thought I’d copy it here.  About the size of a tiny toaster, this device is a NAS (Network Attached Storage) which you connect to your home or work network and it behaves rather like a miniature server, providing shared file/folder access, printer sharing, remote FTP access, and UPnP media streaming.  artifact can supply this device for around €134 ex. VAT although hard drives must be purchased and added to the device before it is fully functional.

  

Images taken from www.dlink.co.uk

Mini Review on Komplett

This is a super little piece of technology. I've had one of these for about 3 years now and it has never given me a second's trouble. This kind of reliability is certainly rare.

I put 2 Seagate 500GB drives in it running in RAID-1 mode and have enjoyed dependable, zippy performance. This, of course, was back when Seagate still made hard drives that weren't diabolical.

The updates have been quite frequent lately and UPnP now works nicely with a Sony PS3. The iTunes server is a lovely bonus. Remote FTP access is simple and effective and file sharing works beautifully with both Windows and Mac OS.

Sure, it doesn't have the ability to backup to another NAS, USB drive, or to an online backup service, and it doesn't have a Slim Server-like function but what do you expect for the price.

Buy one, you won't regret it.

Setting up a printer in OS X using the CUPS interface – brief!

Recently I had to setup a connection to a shared printer in OS X.  The printer was being shared on a TCP/IP network by a HP server running Windows Server 2008 Foundation.  I had some trouble setting up the printer using the printer set wizards in System Preferences and discovered that Mac OS X has a built in web server for CUPS (the Common Unix Printing System) that allows you to setup a printer with much greater granularity and, it would appear, a greater chance of success!

Open up Safari and browse to the following address:  http://localhost:632

The wizards are then relatively straightforward as shown in the samples below…

Print Screen with MacBook keyboard in Boot Camp Windows

First off, Happy New Year to you!  I hope you had a great Christmas.

My day to day laptop is a white Apple MacBook which runs Snow Leopard and Windows 7 Ultimate using Boot Camp.  This is fab as it enables me to go out to both Mac and PC customers and bring just one laptop.  However, I’ve often needed to take a screen grab when in Windows mode and couldn’t figure out the keyboard shortcut, here it is:

fn + shift + F11

For the full list of these shortcut follow the link below, it’s for MacBook Pros but gives a good idea…

http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1220

Note: If you have a USB PC keyboard connected the PrtScr button should work fine.

Stop the Exchange account getting set as default in Outlook

By default in a Microsoft Small Business Server environment, every time a user logs into their client PC a script is run which (among other things) changes their Outlook profile, setting their default account to the Exchange server.

This can be a major pain for users who have a POP account(s) setup as default in their Outlook profile.  It means that each time they login they must go into Tools | Accounts and set their POP account to be default.

There is thankfully a fairly straightforward fix…

• Open REGEDIT on the client computer (Start | Run | regedit) and navigate to HKEY Local Machine\Software\Microsoft\SmallBusinessServer\ClientSetup.
• Create a DWORD entry here named “NoTransportOrder” and give this a value of “1”.
• The transport order will not be changed next time the user logs in.

In my opinion it’s way better to have your clients setup to use Exchange and have Exchange send and receive email for them.  Having clients collecting POP is messy.  But in the real world we don’t often get to do things by the book.

This fix draws from content found at http://sbs.seandaniel.com and http://www.slipstick.com

Where are SCANPST.EXE and/or SCANOST.EXE?

I sometimes have to deal with customer computers whose Outlook PST or OST files have become corrupted.  Very often the fix is to run SCANPST.EXE on the offending PST/OST file.

 

However, every time I go to do this I forget where the two executable files are.  Here is where they are on a Vista machine running Office 2007:

C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office12

I hope this helps.

I won’t be buying a Seagate product for a long time

I’ve been in the IT business for over 10 years now and for a long time regarded Seagate as brand to be relied on.  They seemed to have a high level of design integrity and quality.  The FreeAgent Pro external drives were fantastic – fast, quiet, reliable.  The 750GB ST3750640NS internal drives were solid and speedy.  But things have changed.

I have never been so singularly disappointed with any IT products as I have with the hard drives Seagate has produced this year.  Apparently they have shifted their production facility to the far east.  Whatever the reason, there is absolutely no excuse for the staggering level of shoddy build quality of their current crop of hard drives.

I would say that in the last year approximately 80% of the PC’s, Servers, and NASes I have re-sold with Seagate hard drives and upgraded with Seagate hard drives have had drive failures.  The figure may even be bigger.

To make matters worse, their RMA policy requires they receive the faulty drive before they ship a replacement.  This invariably leaves the IT consultant in a precarious situation whilst awaiting the replacement – which may well also fail.

I was recently speaking to the a senior engineer in a highly respected data recovery company who confirmed this annoying situation.  His recommendation was to stick to Samsung and Hitachi drives at the present time.  I haven’t had a particularly happy experience with Western Digital hard drives so far this year but Seagate drives just take the biscuit.

Save yourself the hassle, don’t buy a Seagate.  Not for a long time.

Using VoIP with SmoothWall

I’ve been playing with SmoothWall Express (Polar) recently and am generally pretty impressed.  However, my Linksys SPA921 IP Phone hadn’t been working.  I decided to turn my attention to it today.

The phone wouldn’t give a dial tone at all unless I used the “SIP Proxy” option in SmoothWall, however, that wouldn’t allow any outgoing calls.  I tried creating various exceptions in the firewall, even setting the phone to be an “always allowed machine”, all to no avail.

Then I hit on the solution… I had a BT ADSL router connecting to the internet performing NAT, the SmoothWall connected to this performing NAT, and the IP Phone connecting to the SmoothWall as shown in the diagram below:

SIP doesn’t appear to play nicely with this double-NAT arrangement.  So I changed the WAN configuration on my BT ADSL router to run in “Bridged” mode and then configured the “Red” (internet) interface on the SmoothWall to run in PPPoE mode.  This required configuring the BT broadband username and password settings in the “PPP” section of “Networking”, then navigating to “Home” and hitting “Connect”.  I couldn’t believe it, it actually worked!  To refine things I disconnected, went back into “PPP” and ticked the “Persistent connection” and “Connect on SmoothWall restart” tick boxes and then re-connected.  This diagram shows the new setup:

This didn’t even require any exceptions in the firewall configuration or the use of SIP proxy.

I hope this helps you.

UPDATE: I had to add an outgoing firewall rule to allow a port range from 10000 to 20000.  I had been able to call but hadn’t properly tested actual sound over the link.  So it appears that SIP was getting through but not RTP.  Getting full call functionality required opening the aforementioned port range.

Steve Ballmer is completely sane

Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer is a genius.  You think I’m exaggerating?  Take a look at these videos.

Actually, to be fair, I find watching these and anything to do with Steve Ballmer completely fascinating!  He really is larger than life and a force to be reckoned with.

Ladies and gentlemen, STEVE BALLMER!

Developers, developers, developers, developers…!

I’m a PC and I love this company!

Selling Windows 1.0

Selling Windows XP

Burn ISO files in Windows 7

Just discovered a great feature in Windows 7, thanks to www.downloadsquad.com...  Rather than having to install dedicated burning software, you can now burn an ISO file directly to disc from within Windows 7.  To do this just double-click on the ISO file and the following window will open:

After popping in a blank disc, choose the drive to which you want to burn, opt for verifying the file after burning if you require…

Windows takes care of the rest.  It’s certainly basic but it’s perfectly functional and does everything I need it to.  Nice one Microsoft!

Office 2003 – fix SKU011.CAB annoyance

I recently setup a new user on a PC someone else had been using.  The PC had Office 2003 Professional installed.

Upon running Outlook 2003 for the first time Office looks for a file off the original install CD and will not proceed without it.  The file in question is “SKU011.CAB”.  Other Office applications, e.g. Word, will continue to work even if the file is missing but Outlook refuses to play ball.

Unfortunately, the client couldn’t find their 2003 install CD.  I got my own and searched it for “SKU011.CAB” but it wasn’t to be found.  How strange!

Eventually I found the fix on www.technotes.co.uk which involves changing a registry key so as to prevent Office from looking for the CD.  As always, making changes to the registry can be a very risky business if you’re not sure what you’re at.  Always take a backup of the registry by creating a Restore Point using System Restore…

• Start | Run | regedit
• Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE | Software | Microsoft | Office | 11.0 | Delivery
• Click into the sub-folder/key here which has a unique name
• Right-click the “CDCache” entry and change its value to “0”
• Close Regedit and cross your fingers!

This worked for me, hopefully it will work for you.  Best of luck.

The Need for Speed with DOSBox

I recently stumbled upon my beloved old copy of the absolutely fantastic original "The Need for Speed". This fabulous game came out in 1994 and blew me away. My sister, her boyfriend (now husband) and I spend a crazy number of hours playing this game. It rocked!

How to get it to play now though...? Well, I've used the wonderful DOSBox before for playing Doom 2 and Commander Keen and the like. This software runs in Windows (XP for example) and emulates a DOS environment with an old SoundBlaster 16 soundcard. Would it work with TNFS (The Need for Speed)?

After a lot of trial and error I finally got it working after getting a tip from a forum on a site called "alldeaf" (www.alldeaf.com). I hadn't mounted the CDROM drive properly. Here's what you need to do:

• Create a folder/directory on root of your C: drive called "tnfs" (i.e. c:\tnfs)
  
• Run DOSBox
• Type "mount c c:\tnfs"
• Type "mount d d:\ -t cdrom"
• Type d:
• Type "install"
• Follow the on-screen instructions

Hopefully this should do the trick for you. What a trip down amnesia lane! It really brought me back! It's still a brilliant game even if the graphics are a bit grainy.

An Exabyte sounds like a lot

Recently I was watching Ocean’s 13 which passed the time reasonably pleasantly.  There was a supposedly awesome computer which our handsome heroes had to overcome called “The Greco”.  Apparently it stored its data “in a field of Exabytes”.

This got me thinking about all the different storage metrics and the fact many of us can get them confused.  I decided to pop the following list down for your viewing pleasure…

Name	Abbreviation	Amount
bit	b	Fundamental unit of data storage
Nibble		4 bits
Byte	B	8 bits
Kilobyte	kB	1024 Bytes
Megabyte	MB	1024 Kilobytes
Gigabyte	GB	1024 Megabytes
Terabyte	TB	1024 Gigabytes
Petabyte	PB	1024 TB
Exabyte	EB	1024 PB

An Exabyte is seriously huge!  If you take it that DVD quality video requires a bandwidth of around 5Mbits/s plus about 0.45Mbits/s for its audio that gives a total bandwidth of 5.45Mbits/s.  This equals 0.68MB/s.  Now an Exabyte is a million million MB so divide that by 0.68, then by 60, then by 24, and finally by 365 and the answer is:

An Exabyte would be able to store 46,632 hours of playback time!!

Disabling AutoPlay in Windows

By default in Windows, AutoPlay kicks in when one inserts a CD-ROM, DVD, or USB drive containing some content - e.g. documents, images, music, or video.  Depending on your version of Windows and the content on the device, Windows may auto-run an installer (e.g. an Office install CD) or ask you what to do (e.g. open a folder to view files, play the music files with Media Player).

Some people find this feature annoying.  Another, more important issue is that the Conficker worm uses the feature to automatically jump from an infected USB drive onto the host PC.

To turn of the feature please follow one of the two methods...

Windows XP:

• Download TweakUI.exe... http://www.artifact.ie/applications/tools
• Install TweakUI.exe and then run the application
• Expand (click +) "My Computer", then expand "AutoPlay"
• Click on the "Types" option on the left and un-tick all boxes
• Also, click on the "Drives" option on the left and un-tick all boxes
• Click OK

Windows Vista:

• Open the Control Panel (Start | Control Panel)
• Click on “Play CDs or other media automatically”
• Un-tick the tick-box called "Use Auto Play for all media and devices"

Patching against the Conficker worm

The Win32Conficker worm takes advantage of a vulnerability in the Server service of pretty much all versions of Windows and allows a remote attacker to take control of the infected computer.

According to Microsoft "Most anti-virus software could detect and block the Conficker worm, so if you have updated anti-virus software on your computer, you are at a much lower risk of being infected by the Conficker worm."

However, it is also recommended to ensure your Windows OS is patched so that you are not vulnerable to the threat.  In order to ensure you are patched against this nasty piece of work please follow the steps below...

1. Find out what version of Windows you are running

• Hold down the Winlogo button (looks like the Windows icon) and tap once on R
• Type "winver" and hit Enter
• You will be able to read off what version of Windows you have, e.g. in the image below I can tell that I have Windows XP Professional with Service Pack 3.

2. Download the correct patch for your Windows version

• Open the following website: www.artifact.ie/applications/security
• Click on the correct patch version and choose "Save"
• e.g. Conficker_XP_SP3_KB958644.exe

3. Apply the patch

• Navigate to where you saved the patch and double-click it
• Follow any on-screen prompts that appear

To find out more about Conficker have a look here:

http://www.microsoft.com/protect/computer/viruses/worms/conficker.mspx

What version of Office do I have?

Prior to Microsoft Office 2007, finding out what version you were running was very straightforward.  You clicked on the “Help” menu bar item and then on “About”.  Generally you would do this to find out not just what version you were running (i.e. Office 2003) but what Service Packs had been installed (e.g. Service Pack 1).

Recently I needed to quickly find out whether a customer’s Office 2007 installation had been upgraded with Service Pack 1.  I was stumped for a short while!  Where on earth was one to find the equivalent?

To save you the hassle, here’s the answer…

Click on the new “Office Button”, choose the relevant “Options” button at the very bottom of the menu, e.g. if you’re in Excel it will be “Excel Options”.  Then click “Resources”, and finally “About” – in fact you can probably see all you need to know at the bottom of the “Resources” screen without having to click “About”.

I’m sure they could have buried it a little more if they really put their minds to it!

Zoho Writer

Online document editors of some sort or another seem to be flavour of the month.  While many will automatically hop on the Google Docs bus, I heartily recommend taking a look at Zoho Writer.

Although technically in beta stage, in it's latest incarnation Zoho Writer 2.0 is a rather appealing proposition.  Zoho Writer is one of a suite of productivity and business tools.  There is also a spreadsheet application (Zoho Sheet), a PowerPoint-like application (Zoho Show), and loads more.

 

Zoho Writer allows you to create, edit, preview, and print new documents from scratch.  If required, your document can be exported to a variety of file formats including: .doc, .docx, .pdf, .odf, .rtf, .txt, .sxw, and .html.

If the document you need to work on is already in Word, or some other format that's just fine.  Zoho Writer can import files in a variety of formats, similar to those it can export.  There is an upload file size limit of 10MB which may pose a problem for very large documents - however, one could break the document up into several smaller files before uploading.

One thing I really like about the service is the provision of a Page View, similar to that in MS Word which allows you to work on the document in a more WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) manner with the edges of the page visible on screen.

Finally, documents can be shared amongst individual users or groups of users with read or read/write privileges being assigned as required.

Zoho Writer is free and comes with 1GB of storage space.  I haven't had to depend on this service yet so I can't say how it performs under stress but so far I'm very impressed.  I created this blog post with it and uploaded it easily.

Zoho Writer is easy to use, flexible, well-featured, and (so far, at least) reliable.

ESET Smart Security v4.0 and NOD32 v4.0

ESET Smart Security v4.0 and NOD32 v4.0 are being released shortly.

artifact is a reseller of ESET security products. If you would like to know more please contact us via our website.

The changes that have been made are:

General

• Added support for SSL under Microsoft Windows 2000
• Improved support for Microsoft Windows Live Mail v4 (beta)
• Added import and export of root SSL certificates for Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and Opera Software Opera web browsers
• Added ability to edit user-defined servers for threat signature updates
• Added "Smart Filtering" of logs to provide improved view of data

Antivirus & Antispyware

• Exclusions now supported for mapped network drives
• Added "Smart Scan" option for quick and effective scans

ESET Personal Firewall

• Added support for UAC under Microsoft Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008
• Added 1863/TCP for Windows Live Messenger/MSN Messenger for Rules under Local Settings

3 Mobile Broadband

Just noticed that 3 have increased the monthly download cap of their basic mobile broadband service to 15GB.  This will set you back €19.99 inc. VAT per month.

I must say I’ve been rather impressed by the service I get from my 3 mobile broadband dongle thingie.  The coverage in Navan and Dublin has never failed me and it even works on the delightful 109 bus between those two points!

It wouldn’t even give a sniff of a signal anywhere I went in Wexford, however, and roaming broadband in Berlin proved unsuccessful but overall it’s a very good service.

I don’t depend on the service on a daily basis, I use it when I’m stuck, travelling, or out at a customer’s site.  E.g. I only used about 7MB out of the 15GB allowance last month!  Perhaps if I had to depend on it I mightn’t have such a glowing report but, such as it has been for me, I give it a hearty thumbs up.

Rotating your screen

The other day I was messing around with my laptop and inadvertently hit a combination of keys that rotated my screen right by 90 degrees.  I had seen this facility a long time ago and I had forgotten what the keystrokes were.

Inevitably what followed was a rapid googling of the appropriate keyboard shortcut to restore normality.  The shortcuts are simple, fairly logical, and I include them here for your convenience.  You never know, you might actually need to rotate your screen around one day…

CTRL + ALT + Up Arrow – Normal View

CTRL + ALT + Down Arrow – Rotate by 180 degrees (upside down)

CTRL + ALT + Left Arrow – Rotate Left by 90 degrees

CTRL + ALT + Right Arrow – Rotate right by 90 degrees

Note: apparently the shortcuts can vary and depend on your graphics card manufacturer, some seem to respond to CTRL + SHIFT + R.

Happy New Year!

Forgot to say, I hope you have a truly fantastic 2009!

Vista File Permission Tantrums

I came across a rather interesting/annoying problem in Windows Vista today – just like any other day with Vista really...

When one tried to save a file to a mapped drive the following error message would appear:

"There has been a network or file permission error. The network connection may be lost"

Very odd. I disconnected and reconnected the mapped drive, same thing. I checked and double-checked permissions – both share-level and NTFS permissions were all adequate. I applied as many updates/patches as I could find for Windows and Norton.

Strangely, one could copy a file from, say, the desktop into the mapped drive without any issue. But if one tried to right-click and create a new file/folder on the mapped drive the same error came up.

After trawling some forums I noticed that Offline Files reared its head quite a few times. I thought I'd try disabling it as it wasn't being used...

To do this: Hit Start, type "offline files" into the search box and then click the resultant Offline Files button that appears at the top of the Start menu. Click "Disable" and then agree to a reboot.

Happily this fixed the problem and all was well but it leaves me with a slightly bad taste in my mouth – why should one have to turn off Offline Files to be able to do some pretty bog standard file work? What if I needed Offline Files, e.g. for Folder Redirection?

Roll on Windows 7.

artifact Navan Marketing Test

Today artifact hits the small businesses of Navan with a small but concerted marketing effort.  I will be hand delivering a small number of flyers to some businesses around town.  The flyers were designed and printed in-house.  All going well I will do another, larger run.  Wish me luck!

XP Startup Issues - The Recovery Console

The Windows Recovery Console is a fantastically useful tool if you find yourself with a PC that will not boot Windows.

There are many useful Windows startup tools such as Last Known Good Configuration and the many different flavours of Safe Mode but all of these rely on a bootable Windows system. System Restore is completely useless in this scenario since it relies on one being in Windows to use it.

The kinds of things that could couse an unbootable Windows system could be:

• Corrupted boot files - e.g. NTLDR, NTDETECT.COM

• Corrputed Windows system files - NTOSKRNL.EXE, HAL.DLL

The Recovery Console allows you to boot into an environment "underneath" that of your Windows installation (by using the Windows CD or by choosing it at boot time if you pre-installed it) and so you can perform major low level repairs to your Windows installation.

Follow the link below to find out how to use the Recovery Console:

http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314058/

XP Startup Issues - Removing all Third-Party Drivers

In rare cases, you may be unable to determine which third-party driver is causing a startup error. To troubleshoot this issue, move all third-party driver files from the Windows\System32\Drivers folder to a different location. To do this, follow these steps:

1. Use the Recovery Console to start the computer, or start the computer from a different installation of Windows if you have performed a parallel Windows installation.
2. Move all files from the Windows\System32\Drivers folder that do not have a creation date for Windows XP of 8/13/2001. If the computer relies on a third-party IDE or SCSI controller driver for correct operation, you must identify those driver files, and then leave them in the Windows\System32\Drivers folder.
3. Restart the computer.
4. Continue the Windows Setup program.
   

For more information about how to disable a service that prevents Windows from starting, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/310602

XP Startup Issues - Safe Mode or Safe Mode with Networking Support

To troubleshoot potential environmental issues (i.e. Driver/Hardware related), first restart your computer in Safe mode or in Safe mode with networking support. If the issue is with a program that does not depend on network connectivity, Safe mode is appropriate. If the issue is with a network program, and you are using a network adapter to connect to a network, Safe mode with networking support may permit you to test the networking program, including browser issues.

Note: You cannot use Safe mode with networking support when you use a modem or a PC Card connection to a network because modem drivers and PC Card drivers do not load in Safe mode or in Safe mode with networking support.

If you start the computer in Safe mode or in Safe mode with networking support, and you can perform an operation that you previously experienced problems with, the issue is most likely environmental.

Note: In Windows XP, you can perform a clean-boot by using the System Configuration Utility (Msconfig.exe). To use this tool go to: Start | Run | Type "msconfig"

For more information about the System Configuration utility, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/310560

Note: You may not be able to test some operations in Safe mode because not all services and devices load in Safe mode or in Safe mode with networking support. For example, you cannot test multimedia issues that involve sound, nor can you test suspend or hibernation issues in Safe mode.

If you start the computer in Safe mode or in Safe mode with networking support, and the issue still occurs, an environmental issue may still be the cause. Many function or filter drivers that third-party software installs may continue to load in Safe mode. Therefore, you may have to take an additional step to test and remove third-party drivers in Safe mode.

To start the computer in Safe mode, follow these steps:

1. Print these instructions before you go to step 2. They will not be available after you shut down the computer in step 2.
2. Restart your computer.
3. Use the F8 key. On a computer that is configured to start to multiple operating systems, you can press F8 when you see the Startup menu.
4. Use the arrow keys to select a Safe mode option, and then press ENTER. Note: NUM LOCK functionality must be turned off for the arrow keys on the numeric keypad to work.
5. If you have a dual-boot or multiple-boot system, use the arrow keys to select the installation that you want to access, and then press ENTER.
   

In Safe mode, you have access to only basic files and drivers (such as mouse, monitor, keyboard, mass storage, base video, default system services, and no network connections). You can select from the following options:

• The Safe Mode with Networking option loads all these files and drivers and the services and drivers necessary to start networking.
• The Safe Mode with Command Prompt option is the same as Safe mode except that a command prompt starts instead of the graphical user interface (GUI).
• The Last Known Good Configuration option starts your computer by using the registry information that was saved the last time that your computer shut down.
• Safe mode helps you diagnose problems. If a symptom does not reappear when you start in Safe mode, you can rule out the default settings and minimum device drivers as possible causes. If a newly added device or a changed driver is causing problems, you can use Safe mode to remove the device or reverse the change.
  

There are circumstances where Safe mode cannot help you. For example, Safe mode cannot help you when Windows system files that are required to start the computer are corrupted or damaged. In this case, the Recovery Console may help you.

XP Startup Issues - Removing Unsigned Drivers

All the drivers that are included with Windows XP use digital signatures to verify that they have been tested by the Windows Hardware Quality Labs (WHQL). Many third-party programs are written for Windows XP must install additional drivers that have not been tested by WHQL. Therefore, they do not receive a digital signature.

Note: Some third-party vendors have tools that they can use to generate a valid digital signature even if these products were not tested by WHQL. The following procedure cannot be used to determine whether these drivers are installed.

Windows XP includes the File Signature Verification tool (Sigverif.exe). You can use this tool to find all files on your computer that are not digitally signed. For the purposes of Windows XP clean-boot troubleshooting, you have to test only the files in the %Windir%\System32\Drivers folder. Note: %Windir% and %systemroot% are variables which point to the Windows XP folder - this is normally c:\windows but may not always be, hence the variable names being used.

To use the Sigverif.exe tool, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, click Run, type sigverif in the Open box, and then click OK.
2. Click Advanced, click Look for other files that are not digitally signed, click Browse, locate the Windows\System32\Drivers folder, and then click OK two times.
3. Click Start.
   

After Sigverif.exe is completed, a list of all unsigned drivers that are installed on your computer appears.

Note Many video drivers are not digitally signed. The following steps may cause problems with your video resolution. These problems may prevent you from starting the computer.

The list of all signed and unsigned drivers that the Sigverif.exe tool finds is in the Sigverif.txt file in the %Windir% folder (typically, the Winnt or Windows folder). All unsigned drivers are noted as "Unsigned."

When you determine which drivers are unsigned, create a folder to move the unsigned drivers to. Typically, SysDriversBak is an easy folder name to remember. Create the folder in the Windows directory so that if the computer is put into a no-boot situation, the drivers can be restored in the Recovery Console.

Move the unsigned drivers, restart the computer (without the unsigned drivers in the Windows\System32\Drivers folder), and then test the program or other functionality to see whether the same error messages or issues still occur.

Note: Because most driver files are associated with registry entries that have not yet been changed, you may receive the following error message: At least one driver or service failed to start...

If the issue no longer occurs, the issue was caused by a third-party unsigned filter or function driver. A function driver is a driver that is used to load a specific device that uses one of the computer buses. A filter driver loads at a level above or below a function driver to add or modify the behavior of the function driver.

To determine which unsigned driver is causing the problem, use one of the following methods:

• Put drivers that are related to the same program or device back into the Windows\System32\Drivers folder together in the same test.
• Put the top half of the drivers back into the Windows\System32\Drivers folder in the same test.
  

The first technique is generally better at determining the cause of an issue, but you may not be able to determine which drivers are related. After you determine which driver is causing the issue, you can either remove the driver or program, disable the driver, or turn off service.

To turn off a service, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, and then click Run.
2. Type %systemroot%\system32\services.msc /s, and then click OK.
3. Double-click the service, click Disabled in the Startup Type list, and then click OK.
4. Restart your computer.
   

Search for drivers or other program updates, or replace the software or driver with a program or driver that is written specifically for Windows XP.

To disable a driver, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, and then click Run.
2. Type %systemroot%\system32\compmgmt.msc /s, and then click OK.
3. Click Device Manager.
4. Double-click the device, click Do not use this device (disable) in the Device Usage list, and then click OK.
5. Search for an updated driver for the device from the vendor.

Custom Display Resolutions in XP

Having purchased a snazzy new 22" wide screen flat panel monitor and finding everything hunky dory in Windows Vista I tried the same monitor with a Windows XP machine only to find disappointment kicking down my door. When I went to Display Settings in Control Panel and dragged the Resolution slider up, the native resolution of the monitor was not there.

Now every flat panel monitor should be run at its native resolution in order to look its best - every "virtual" pixel maps to a real one (or actually a real triad of red, green, and blue) on the screen. The monitor wanted to run at 1680x1050 but my only options were along the lines of 1280x1024, 1600x1200, 1920x1080 and so on. This was disappointing because the text and images looked either squashed or stretched.

So what to do then? Well, the fix involved a little bit of registry hacking. The registry is essentially Windows' own internal database in which it keeps all its various settings. It's not usually supposed to be tweaked by humans but rather by Windows itself and if you get things wrong the results could be an un-bootable PC. Also, if you inadvertently set a resolution too high for your monitor you could damage it and/or your graphics card. So I obviously don't recommend doing any of this! You have been warned.

Important
Always back up your registry before tweaking it! The best way is probably to capture a System Restore point - Start Programs Accessories System Tools System Restore Create a restore point. If things go wrong you can always boot into Safe Mode (hit F8 at boot time) and choose "Restore my computer to an earlier time" in the System Restore utility.

So here we go

1. Open RegEdit - Start Run and type "regedit"
2. Browse to HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\VIDEO{the address of your primary video card...it often begins with "23A77BF7"}\0000
3. The Default Settings.XResolution data value is the horizontal resolution, and the Default Settings.YResolution data value is the vertical.
4. Double-click the Default Settings.XResolution data entry, select the Decimal radio button, and in the Value Data field, enter your desired horizontal resolution.
5. Then do the same with Default Settings.YResolution to change the vertical resolution.
6. Exit RegEdit and reboot your PC.
7. You should now be able to choose the required resolution.
   

Note
If you're scared of tweaking your registry (and you probably should be!), there's a handy application on the web called PowerStrip which allows you similar resolution-changing functionality. However, although many on the web recommend it, I didn't find it to be of any help at all.

Problems with Vista and NAS boxes

HISTORY
In the old days Microsoft used to used to encrypt user name and password challenges and responses between clients and servers using LM (LAN Manager). This was then updated to NTLM (NT LAN Manager) which offered greater resistance to hacking. SAMBA, the SMB client/server system used by Linux and, consequently, most NAS boxes generally supports both of these protocols when you try and login from a Windows client machine.

PROBLEM
However, the more recent and secure NTLMv2 is not generally supported by most NAS boxes. Consequently, a client attempting to login using NTLMv2 will not be able to access the NAS since it's responses will not be understood by the NAS.

Window 2000 (SP4) and XP support NTLMv2 but do not make it mandatory. Unfortunately, good old Windows Vista now defaults to send "NTLMv2 Response Only" which means that many NAS boxes will not be able to authenticate the Windows Vista client.

SOLUTION
The way to fix this is to configure Vista so that it can still use NTLMv2 but only if negotiated, therefore using either LM or NTLM otherwise. Now the NAS box will be able to authenticate the client since it speaks the lingo.

The following steps detail the process:

1. Click Start menu Run then type "secpol.msc"
a. Note: Run is not in the Vista start menu by default and can be put there by right clicking
the menu choosing Properties then Start Menu tab then Customize and ticking "Run
command"
b. Alternatively just hold the Windows Logo or Start button on your keyboard and the hit
the Pause/Break key

2. In the Local Security Policy editor navigate to: Security Settings Local Policy Security Options and double click the "Network Security: LAN Manager authentication level Properties" policy

3. Click the drop-down menu and choose "Send LM & NTLM - use NTLMv2 session security if negotiated", click "Ok", and then close the Local Security Policy editor

You should now be able to logon to your NAS box with the correct username and password.

For more information see the Microsoft knowledgebase item below:

http://support.microsoft.com/kb/823659

Vista driver for ATi Mobility Radeon 7500

I've been getting to grips with Vista lately and one thing that can be rather annoying is how so many manufacturers are not bringing out updated drivers for their hardware products. This is really not Microsoft's fault but it certainly dampen the "Wow" factor.

A case in point: I recently upgraded a pretty decent laptop (1.6GHz, 1GB of RAM) from XP Pro to Vista Business. Most devices were, to Microsoft's credit, picked up almost straight away. However, the (still very serviceable) ATi Mobility Radeon 7500 graphics chipset would only come up as a "Standard VGA" device. Not a delightful situation. A quick check on AMD/ATi's website revealed that there was no Vista driver for this products (nor for many other decent products either).

Having Googled away for a while I eventually stumbled upon a fix at the following forum:

http://forums.microsoft.com/TechNet/ShowPost.aspx?PageIndex=2&SiteID=17&PostID=1563655

What you need to do is install the built-into-Vista Mobility Radeon 9000 driver (similar GPU just more RAM) and all is well. This is how you do it:

1. Windows Button
2. Control Panel
3. System and Maintenance
4. System
5. Device Manager (under Tasks)
6. Expand Display Drivers
7. Right click the Standard VGA adapter
8. Choose Update Driver Software
9. Browse my computer
10. Let me pick from....
11. Uncheck show compatible
12. Then browse and find the ati mobility radeon 9000
13. Acknowledge all messages
14. Restart the computer when prompted

Post2Blog

Found a superb blogging tool recently called Post2Blog. It’s freeware and can be downloaded from: http://bytescout.com

After installation you configure it with your blog site’s details, login information, etc. Once you’re up and running all you need to do is create a new post and click the "Publish" button. Apparently it also provides Microsoft Office integration, although I haven’t tried that out yet. You can also manage all of you blog posts - edit, delete, move up/down, etc.

This is the kind of software that gives freeware a good name!

Evolution MK-249C MIDI Keyboard Mac OS X Problem

Mac OS X generally seems capable of dealing with just about anything you can throw at it. However upon connecting my trusty Evolution MK-249C MIDI keyboard up to my 2nd generation MacBook it steadfastly refused to play ball. This keyboard has always been instantly recognised by Windows XP and so it was surprising to encounter this.

The M-Audio website (M-Audio took over Evolution it appears) offered no real assistance. There was no driver available for Mac OS X 10.4.9 as the keyboard is supposed to be "Class Compliant" which apparently means it doesn't need one... strange.

Eventually after consulting some forums I found the fix. The problem seems to be related to Mac OS on the Intel MacBooks. There is a patch on the M-Audio site but only for MacOS 10.1.5. This must be downloaded and installed. Here is the link:

http://www.m-audio.com/index.php?do=support.drivers&f=596

Upon restarting the OS the keyboard was recognised by Mac OS and GarageBand had no trouble talking to it.

So there you have it. A little odd but easily fixed. Even computers that "Just Work" have problems sometimes.

WPA2 in Windows XP

Having recently upgraded my encryption settings on my just about barely-trusty Linksys WRT54GC to use WPA2 I was able to reconfigure my super little MacBook to use this standard with no hassle at all.

However, upon booting into Windows XP (using BootCamp) a couple of days later my wireless steadfastly refused to show any signs of life. After mucking about for a while a eventually remembered I had changed the access point to use WPA2.

Unfortunately, Windows XP (even with SP2) doesn't support WPA2 until you download a hotfix from the Microsoft website. The URL for this is:

http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=662BB74D-E7C1-48D6-95EE-1459234F4483&displaylang=en

It's small download (about 1.5MB), it's very easy to apply, and it even takes a System Restore point before installing.

But why isn't it a Windows update?

Santa Rosa Laptops

It would appear that any laptop manufacturer worth their salt is preparing to release a system based on Intel's new Santa Rosa chipset.

Santa Rosa, also known as "Centrino Pro" promises to bring us:

• Second generation Intel Core 2 Duo (code-named Merom) mobile processor. The processor is similar to and still carries the codename Merom in common with that used on the NAPA platform although the new processors connect to the motherboard with Socket P.
• 800 MT/s front side bus with Dynamic Front Side Bus Switching to save power during low utilization
• Intel Mobile 965 Express chipset (code named Crestline) with Intel's GMA X3000 graphics technology and ICH8M southbridge
• Intel PRO/Wireless 4965AGN IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n mini-PCIe Wi-Fi adapter (code named Kedron)
• NAND flash-memory caching branded as Turbo Memory (code-named Robson)
• EFI, a successor to BIOS
• Intel Dynamic Acceleration (IDA), better Windows Vista Aero support

Man, just when you thought it was safe to go out and buy a juicy new laptop... All of this makes it even more tempting than ever to hang on that little bit longer, especially given the fact that many of these new laptops are set to come with NVidia 8400/8600 graphics.